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BRAIN DRAIN

Britain seeks scientific collaboration with Spain

Britain is reaching out to scientists in Spain in the hope of strengthening the exchange of knowledge to further scientific research.

Britain seeks scientific collaboration with Spain
Photo of a scientist:Shutterstock

A new initiative launched on Thursday by the British Embassy in Madrid aims to capitalize on the so-called "brain drain" by linking up scientists that have moved abroad.

The new British Scientists in Spain (BSS) Network establishes a communications platform between the British and Spanish scientific communities.

"There are a huge number of Spanish scientists that have gone to Britain to follow research opportunities but there are also some British scientists who have moved the other way," Sara Cebrián, the science and innovation attaché at the British Embassy in Madrid told The Local.

"This project aims to strengthen collaboration between them all, for the benefit of both countries and the scientific world as a whole." she said.

Spain has experienced a brain drain during the economic crisis, losing many of its researchers to institutions and companies abroad as austerity policies saw drastic cuts in public funding.

But, according to Cebrián, Spain still retains many areas of expertise that are ripe for collaboration.

"Spain has made huge leaps in areas such as renewable energy, agri-technology and in the 'new materials' sector so we are working to boost partnership in those areas."

The field of biomedical research is also an area where bridges can be made.

"Our job is to promote scientific innovation and there are certain areas where there can be an obvious link up between the UK and Spain. The field of dementia research for example is a pet project of Prime Minister David Cameron, and one that is seen as a global problem that we can unite efforts to tackle,” explained Cebrián.

The project, which has the support of the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology, (FECYT) will see the creation of a dedicated LinkedIn group that will be used as a tool to spot bilateral co-operations opportunities.

Simon Manley, the British ambassador to Madrid, emphasized the importance of collaborative endeavour.

"Successful collaboration lies at the heart of successful science," the ambassador said as launched the initiative on Thursday with a reception at his residence.

"And investing in science is absolutely essential in building a stronger economy," he said.

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SCIENTISTS

Scientists mine ‘star scar’ to unlock space secrets

Since early September, the denizens of this normally hushed burg in central France have been serenaded by an industrial drill poking holes around town and pulling up cylinders of rock.

Scientists mine 'star scar' to unlock space secrets
A worker stands next to a drilling machine used to collect sample of rocks extracted from the original base of the meteorite impact crater. Photo: Mehdi Fedouach/AFP

That's because Rochechouart, population 3,800, and its medieval castle are built on top of an astrobleme.

“An astrobleme – which literally means 'star scar' – is the name given to traces left by a major meteorite impact,” explained Philippe Lambert, one of the astrogeologists trying to unlock its secrets.

This particular impact crater was made by a massive space rock that crash-landed more than 200 million years ago, and has intrigued scientists since its discovery in the 19th-century.

“You have a nugget under your feet!,” the famous Canadian astrophysicist Hubert Reeves enthused in 2011 while visiting the research project he helped launch.

Since then, scores of scientists – geologists, paleontologists, exobiologists – from a dozen countries have submitted requests to examine the space rock up close.

Lambert – who devoted his 1977 doctoral thesis to France's only known astrobleme – today directs the International Center for Research on Impacts at Rochechouart (CIRRI).

The centre is coordinating the first-ever drilling and excavation at the site.

“About 200 million years ago – before the Jurassic period, and even before the planet's continents split apart — a six-billion-tonne meteorite about a kilometre in diameter crashed here,” said Pierre Poupart, who overseas a natural reserve set up around the crater.

“It was travelling at about 72,000 kilometres (45,000 miles) per hour.”

The impact – which vaporised the meteorite – was roughly equivalent to several thousand Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs, and almost certainly destroyed all life within a radius of some 200 kilometres (125 miles). The landscape was changed forever.

The Rochechouart astrobleme is unusually close to the surface, making it easier to study.

A natural laboratory

“We are walking on it,” said Lambert. “We don't even have to dig through a layer of dirt to reach it.”

The drilling, scheduled through November, will yield 20 core samples taken one to 120 metres below the surface from eight different sites across a 50-hectare area.

The €600,000 ($700,000) project, funded by the French state and the European Union, could be the beginning of a long adventure, said Lambert.

“There's everything here to justify an open-air laboratory,” he mused.

Some scientists hope to tease out remaining mysteries about how such meteorites form, and what that might tell us about their evolution in space.

Others are on the hunt for chemical traces that could shed light on the emergence of life on Earth, and which of the raw ingredients essential for life came from space.

Geologists are curious about how such a cataclysmic impact might have released water held within rock formations, while palaeobiologists are looking at how an event that could massively destroy life also, at the same time, creates conditions for new lifeforms to emerge.

“This doesn't mean that the secret of life is under our feet,” said Poupart. “But studying what happened here 200 million years ago could tell us a lot.”

Once they are secured, tagged and archived, the Rochechouart rock cores will be made available to researchers around the world, he said.

“We would like to see this site become a natural laboratory benefiting national and international research,” France's National Centre of Scientific Research said in a statement.

By Julie Carnis