SHARE
COPY LINK

DRUGS

Speed used in Norway to work longer hours: study

A University of Oslo study has found that amphetamines are often used by blue-collar workers such as carpenters, bricklayers, and rig workers, simply to work harder for longer hours.

The study, ‘High Speed: Amphetamine Use in the Context of Conventional Culture’, turns the perception that students, authors, and partygoers are the primary amphetamine user on its head. 
 
According to lead author Willy Pedersen, a professor of Sociology at the University and one of Norway’s leading proponents of cannabis legalisation, amphetamines are primarily a working-class drug the use of which is rooted in conventional working-class values. 
 
“Rather than being embedded in resistant values, as is cannabis and LSD use…amphetamine use can be viewed as emanating from the more conventional values of playing hard, working hard and treating illness,” he concluded. 
 
All of the working class men interviewed for the study had described beginning their amphetamine use in the workplace, he pointed out.  
 
“They had started using amphetamines while working, gradually developed a destructive habit, and then turned to dealing,” the report claims.  
 
“Many had done contract work and claimed amphetamines had aided in completing their work on time. They typically held working-class jobs that required prolonged strenuous and tedious work.” 
 
Part of the attraction of the drug, the study continued, is that it is easy to combine with conventional life, and relatively invisible.  
 
“I used amphetamines for one and a half year without my wife noticing,” one subject in the sample said. “I took my dosage in the morning and one during the day, ate, and slept at night, and things worked out. It was just work, work, work.”
 
The few women users interviewed attributed their use of the drug to a wish to work more efficiently. 
 
“It was like I took a little in the morning. It increased my ability,” a mother of a four-year-old said of her use. “Then I could take another tiny amount at lunch. Then I smoked a little bit in the evening, when he had gone to bed.” 
 
She emphasised that she performed housework and childcare better when using amphetamines.
 
Working harder was one of three main reasons people used amphetamines, the other two being to prolong binge drinking and to self-medicate ADHD or other illnesses. 
 
The authors interviewed 55 amphetamine users drawn from an initial sample of 180. 
 
The 180 users were drawn from three separate groups of drug users, a sample of 90 cannabis users from across Norway, a group of 30 binge drinkers from around Oslo, and a study of a group of drug users in Norwegian prisons. 
 

DRUGS

Germany should make cannabis available at pharmacies not ‘coffee shops’, says FDP boss

Germany's possible new government could well relax the country's strict cannabis laws. But FDP leader Christian Lindner says he doesn't want to go down the Netherlands route.

A demonstrator smokes a joint at the pro-cannabis Hanfparade in Berlin in August 2021.
A demonstrator smokes a joint at the pro-cannabis Hanfparade in Berlin in August 2021. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Annette Riedl

The Social Democrats (SPD), Greens and the pro-business Free Democrats (FDP) are set to engage in coalition talks in a bid to become the next German government.  And the future of cannabis will likely be one of the topics to be thrashed out.

In drug policy, the three parties are not too far apart in their positions. So it’s possible that the drug could be decriminalised.

However, nothing is set in stone and the parties still haven’t come to a common line on the question of where and to what extent cannabis could be accessed. 

The leader of the Liberal FDP, Christian Lindner, has now come out in favour of allowing cannabis products such as hashish to be sold in a controlled manner. 

Consumers should be allowed “to purchase a quantity for their own use, for example, in a pharmacy after health education,” Lindner told a live broadcast on German daily Bild on Sunday.

Lindner said he was sceptical about the sale in “coffee shops” according to the Dutch model. “I am in favour of controlled distribution, and therefore health education must be able to take place,” he said.

READ MORE: Patients in Germany still face hurdles accessing medical marijuana

People in the Netherlands can access cannabis products in coffee shops under the country’s tolerant drugs policy. However coffee shops have to follow certain strict conditions. For instance they are not allowed to sell large quantities to an individual. 

Lindner said his main aims were about “crime and health prevention” and not with “legalising a right to intoxication”.

It’s not clear if Lindner advocates for prescription-only cannabis for medical use, or an over-the-counter model. 

The FDP previously said that they they are in favour of the creation of licensed shops. Their manifesto highlights the health benefits, tax windfalls and reallocation of police resources that legalisation would create.

The Green party also want licensed shops, as well as a whole new approach to drug control starting with the controlled legalisation of marijuana. The Greens state that “strict youth and user protection” would be the centre point of their legislation and hope to “pull the rug from under the black market”.

The SPD also want a reform of Germany’s prohibition stance – but are more cautious than the smaller parties on the legalisation aspect. They would like to initially set up pilot projects. 

READ ALSO: Why Germany could be on the brink of legalising cannabis

Controversial topic

So far, the sale of cannabis is officially banned in Germany. Possession of cannabis is also currently illegal across the entire country. Those caught carrying the substance can face anything from a fine to five years in jail.

However, the justice system generally looks away if you are caught carry small quantities for personal use unless you have a previous conviction.

The definition of personal use differs from state to state, with Berlin having the most liberal rules and Bavaria the tightest.

It is estimated that around four million people regularly use cannabis in Germany.

Representatives of police unions in Germany have warned against legalisation. They argue that cannabis is an often trivialised drug that can lead to considerable health problems and social conflicts, especially among young people.

Oliver Malchow, from the GdP police union, said that “it doesn’t make any sense to legalise another dangerous drug on top of alcohol”.

The current Ministry of Health also continues to oppose the legalisation of cannabis, a spokesperson for Minister Jens Spahn (CDU) made clear. Cannabis is a dangerous substance and therefore legalisation is not advisable, the spokesman said. 

SHOW COMMENTS