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ECONOMIC GROWTH

WTO agrees to enact first global trade reform deal

Ending months of deadlock, the Geneva-based World Trade Organization agreed on Thursday to implement the first global trade reform agreement in its 19-year-history.

WTO agrees to enact first global trade reform deal
WTO chief Roberto Azevedo: 'We are back on track!" Photo: WTO

The deal means the 160-member global trade body can begin putting into action a landmark deal reached in Bali late last year to overhaul global customs procedures.
   
Economists have estimated the measures could help create $1 trillion in economic activity and 21 million jobs worldwide.
   
"We are back on track!" an ebullient WTO Director-General Roberto Azevedo told reporters.
   
"We have renewed the commitment to the multilateral system," he added.
   
The member states adopted two texts presented Monday: the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) protocol, aimed at streamlining global customs procedures, and one on the management of food stockpiles.
   
The two texts were agreed upon late last year in Bali, but work towards their implementation had been stalled since July, when India refused to endorse the pact unless its food stockpiles were exempted from possible punitive measures.
   
India and its supporters in the developing world have argued that food stockpiling is essential to ensure poor farmers and consumers survive in the cutthroat world of business.
   
But stockpiling and subsidies for the poor are considered trade-distorting under existing WTO rules.
   
India and the United States finally said earlier this month that they had resolved the row, and the WTO member states had been expected to seal the deal.
   
The member states agreed Thursday to try to find a permanent solution to the stockpile issue by December 2015.
   
Azevedo stressed though that the UN trade body needed to act fast to implement Thursday's agreement.

Precious time lost 

"We have lost precious time since July, and it goes without saying that we can't wait another two decades to deliver further multilateral outcomes," he told trade diplomats in Geneva.
   
Two thirds of WTO's members must ratify the TFA before it can take effect, he pointed out, urging countries to hasten the procedure.
   
Diplomats hailed the deal to put the TFA into action.
   
EU Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmstroem said it had the potential to "help developing countries better integrate into the global economy, intensify regional integration and lift millions out of poverty."
   
US trade representative Michael Froman also celebrated the deal, which he described as "a critical step forward by breaking the impasse that has prevailed since July."
   
"I am pleased that the United States was able to work with India and other WTO members to find an approach that preserved the letter and spirit of the package of decisions reached at last year's Bali Ministerial Conference," he said.
   
TFA, he said, was the "perfect example of how breaking down barriers to trade can unlock new opportunities for developed and developing countries alike, and it's a particularly important win for small and businesses in all countries."
   
"With this win under the WTO's belt, we can once again focus our efforts on revitalizing the organization's core negotiating functions," Froman said.
   
Azevedo agreed that the diplomats "should be pleased that our work is back on track," but stressed that "this is where the real work begins."
   
The 160 countries which make up the WTO set trade rules among themselves in an attempt to ensure a level playing field and spur growth by opening markets and removing trade barriers, including subsidies, excessive taxes and regulations.
   
Bali was the first multilateral agreement concluded by the WTO since its inception in 1995.
   
It also signalled the first concrete progress on the Doha Round of trade liberalization talks, launched in 2001 and aimed at underpinning development in poorer nations.
   
The lack of progress had led to countries increasingly pursuing bilateral or multilateral trade deals, and the relevancy of the WTO was under a dark cloud until the Bali deal was negotiated.
   
Thursday's agreement once again opened the way for negotiations on the remainder of the Doha agenda, which was not agreed upon in Bali.
   
The member states had agreed on a new July, 2015 deadline to decide on a work programme for those talks, Azevedo said.
   
It will likely take a while to complete those negotiations. It took nearly a decade to conclude the trade facilitation portion, which began in 2004.
   
"We have delivered today on a promise we made in Bali," Azevedo told trade diplomats Thursday.
   
"Now let's make it count."

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ECONOMY

Economic growth fails to match hopes

The German economy grew by 0.3 percent in the first quarter of 2015, slightly slower than expected, data published by the federal statistics office Destatis showed on Wednesday.

Economic growth fails to match hopes
Photo: DPA

Gross domestic product (GDP) expanded by 0.3 percent in price, calendar and seasonally adjusted terms in the period from January to March compared with the preceding three months, Destatis said in a statement.

Analysts had been pencilling in first-quarter growth of 0.5 percent after GDP expanded by 0.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2014.

“The German economy continued on its growth path, but at a slightly slower momentum” in the first quarter, Destatis said.

The main growth driver was domestic demand, with both private households and the public sector increasing spending.

Investment also increased, particularly in construction and equipment.

Exports also increased slightly and imports rose more strongly.

On a 12-month comparison, GDP grew by 1.1 percent in the January-March period compared with the same three months a year earlier, Destatis said.

The statistics office said it would publish a more detail breakdown of the different GDP components on May 22.

Meanwhile, inflation crept higher in April with consumer prices rising by 0.5 percent year-on-year, final data showed.

The previous month, the consumer price index had risen by 0.3 percent on a 12-month basis, Destatis said.

The final data represent a fractional upward revision from the 0.4 percent originally reported at the end of April.

Using the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) — the yardstick used by the European Central Bank — inflation in Germany rose by 0.3 percent percent year-on-year in April, still way under the ECB's annual inflation target of just below two percent.

The data nevertheless appear to confirm that the ECB's monetary policy measures are slowly beginning to push up inflation.

In March, the ECB embarked on a massive trillion euro bond purchase programme to ward off deflation and end stagnation in the eurozone economy.  

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