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ECONOMY

Wallets, weather, age trouble Germans most

Footing the bill for debt-ridden EU states and dependency in one's twilight years are among top causes of anxiety among Germans, along with a strong fear of natural disasters, authors of a national study said on Thursday.

Wallets, weather, age trouble Germans most
Photo: Shutterstock

"Citizens worry most about money, the environment and their health," said Rita Jakli, spokeswoman for insurance company R+V Versicherung that has produced the "Fears of the Germans" study annually since 1992.

This year, the number 1 cause of concern was the Eurozone crisis and its economic impact on Germany, cited by 60 percent of 2,400 people polled across the country.

"Germany is one of the countries that to a large and disproportional extent are liable and expected to shoulder the cost of supporting indebted EU members," said Dr Manfred Schmidt, a political scientist at Heidelberg University and adviser to the study.

Specifically, "The majority of Germans are afraid the Eurozone crisis will hit tax payers hard and that the cost of living is rising," Jakli added. But the issue was still down 8 percent on last year.

Generally though, Germans are now more relaxed than at any point in the survey's 22-year history, said the researchers, citing a two percent drop in the overall 'Fear Index'.

Old age looming large

Sharing the number two slot, a major concern for most people is old age and the prospect of dependency on others and needing special care.

Women are more worried at 58 percent, compared to 45 percent among men. The threat of serious illness also troubles 54 percent of women, compared to 40 percent of men.

"Because of their long life expectancy, women are much more afraid of having to be cared for," said Jakli. "Moreover, as a rule they carry the brunt of giving care in the home, and so they know how nerve-wracking and costly that is."  Around 2.5 million people currently receive care in Germany.

Fears that are commonly magnified by the media like terrorism feature prominently (39 percent). But  the survey also shows a sober understanding of many issues in the public spotlight, experts said.

"The Germans are not a race of scaredy-cats, but show reasonable concern for real events and problems," said Schmidt.

Generally, the public is well attuned to issues and also aware that rising living costs are due to a combination of factors, he added.

"The broad social welfare system and rigorous environmental protection [measures] demand their share of funds and pinch disposable incomes, mainly through social spending and taxes, as well as the rising cost of electricity, gas, water and garbage disposal," he said.

Flooding – but not in my back yard

At 51 percent, fear of natural disasters shared the second slot on the list, down five percent since 2013.

But consequences of extreme weather like storms and flooding that wreaked havoc in Germany in 2013 still seem abstract to many people: Only 19 percent said they feared their homes could directly suffer.

International instability also plays a large part in stoking anxiety. Fear of war and political crises plague every third citizen.

Thirty-five percent of Germans worry the country will get sucked into a military conflict, and 37 percent fear events in Ukraine can trigger an armed conflict between the West and Russia.

Another 44 percent said they were afraid of "tensions caused by foreigners".

Public confidence in politicians remains shaky but is improving. Two years ago, 55 percent thought that most politicians were simply out of their depth. This year, 44 percent thought this, up one point on 2013.

Open hostilities between government and opposition had been tempered by the formation of the grand coalition after last year's general election. This had helped restore some faith in politicians, the researchers speculated.

"Germans react sensitively to harsh public debates," said Schmidt. "A sharp and polarized party-based conflict creates political and economic anxiety, but muted and mostly internally contained competition [between parties] in the coalition has more of a calming effect."

Unemployment and living cost fears plagued residents of the former DDR more than people from the former West Germany (43 and 30 percent).  

The difference is founded, said Jakli, citing current 9.4 percent unemployment in the east compared to 5.9 percent in the west of the country.

Clued-up kids

Meanwhile, young people showed surprising maturity. Rather than fretting about dates or how to dodge school, 16-year-olds said they were most concerned about the high cost of living.

The issue ranked 15th in 1992 and rose to first place this year.  

Parents also seemed to have greater faith in their offspring making the right calls: Only 32 percent worried about drug addiction affecting their children, placing this 16th on their list of concerns.

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IMMIGRATION

Which job sectors in Germany depend the most on foreign workers?

Germany’s statistics office released a report that details the occupations worked the most by foreign workers, as well as those where people with an immigration background are underrepresented. Here's a look at which industries rely the most on foreign workers.

Which job sectors in Germany depend the most on foreign workers?

On Friday, March 1st, Germany’s statistics office (Destatis) released figures, taken from the results of the 2022 micro-census, which suggest that people with an immigration background makeup a quarter of Germany’s workforce. 

It’s commonly understood that Germany is dependent on workers who have come from abroad. Recent figures suggest the country is already lacking an estimated 700,000 skilled workers, and that number is expected to grow until 2035. The only feasible means of plugging the labour gap, some experts suggest, would be taking in 400,000 skilled worker immigrants each year for the next decade.

READ ALSO: Better childcare to quicker visas: How Germany wants to attract more workers

But certain industries, such as catering or geriatric care, already depend overwhelmingly on the immigrant workforce, whereas in other types of work, such as policing, immigrants are severely underrepresented.

Which jobs do immigrants work the most?

It wouldn’t be an exaggeration to suggest that Germany’s cleaning and catering industries wouldn’t function without workers from an immigration background.

Destatis found that 60 percent of all employees in the cleaning industry come from an immigration background. In the catering industry it’s 46 percent overall, including 51 percent of all cooks.

In this case, ‘an immigration background’ is defined as “someone who has immigrated to Germany since 1950, or whose parents have immigrated since 1950”, according to Destatis.

Employees with immigration backgrounds also fill an above average share of roles in the transport and logistics industries – at 38 percent overall, and just under 40 percent of bus and tram drivers. 

It seems that some municipal transportation companies are already aware of this trend. BVG recently told The Local that its focusing “specifically on the topic of diversity”, in its recent recruitment efforts.

READ ALSO: ‘No family life’: A Berlin bus driver explains why public transport workers are striking

In building and civil engineering as well, a large share of the workforce are people with an immigration background – including 40 percent of construction workers and 34 percent of those in interior design occupations.

construction worker in scaffolding

A construction worker walks over scaffolding on a building site. an estimated 40 percent of Germany’s construction workers come from an immigration background. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Marcus Brandt

Finally immigrants have taken on a growing share of medical and dental work. By the end of 2023, there were 63,763 doctors in Germany without a German passport, according to statistics from the German Medical Association. That number has doubled since 2013, when around 30,000 non-German doctors were practising in the country. Thirty years ago, in 1993, there were only around 10,000 foreign doctors.

According to Destatis, 27 percent of doctors in human medicine or dentistry are coming from immigration backgrounds. Additionally, in geriatric care, they make up 30 percent of the workforce, as well as 36 percent of personal care occupations, such as hairdressers and beauticians.

Which occupations are immigrants working the least?

On the other hand, people from immigration backgrounds are noticeably absent from other occupations.

As of 2022, only one out of 16 workers in police, court and prison occupations had an immigration history (or six percent), according to Destatis. 

People with immigration backgrounds are also underrepresented in the general armed forces (ten percent), among teachers in general schools (11 percent), and in agriculture (11 percent).

In banking and insurance occupations, employees with an immigrant background made up sixteen percent of the workforce.

Notably, people with immigration backgrounds are less likely to fill managerial positions, or to be executives or academics, while they are significantly more likely to work in low-skilled occupations. This seems to suggest that immigrants in Germany, who face language and cultural barriers, have less access to the kinds of opportunities that allow people to level-up in their careers.

How accurate is the data?

Destatis notes that these figures were based on a 2022 ‘microcensus’, in which roughly 1 percent of Germany’s total population was surveyed. All of the information was therefore self-reported by voluntary respondents.

The German workforce in this case refers to “the population in private main residence households aged 15 to 64 years”, which amounted to 53.4 million people in 2022, and did not include refugees.

More information can be found in the Destatis report.

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