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EUROPEAN UNION

France is among EU’s biggest public spenders

The French government is the third biggest public spender in Europe, yet the quality of the health, pension and education services its paying for are significantly lower than other EU countries. A new government study explains why.

France is among EU's biggest public spenders
France is one of Europe's biggest spenders, but its not getting great services. Photo: Pascal Pavani/AFP

Government spending in France amounted to 54 percent of the country’s total wealth in 2012, which puts it well above the European average and ranks it third among the freest spenders on the continent, behind Denmark and Finland.

Observers might shrug and point to France’s excellent healthcare, retirement and social welfare system when explaining it. However, France's spending is not necessarily translating into better services.

In fact in some cases it is getting a lot less in return for its money than some of its neighbors, according to a study from France Strategie, which is linked to Prime Minister Manuel Valls’s office.

“According to several studies, there is room to improve efficiency in our healthcare system (lack of outpatient care) and our overconsumption of medicines,” the report said. “Health spending would also be more efficient if there was better coordination between actors.”

To start, France’s generous spending on education, retirement and healthcare explain why it is above the European expense average of 47 percent of Gross Domestic Product, as well the outlays of Germany (42 percent) and the United Kingdom (about 45 percent).

On the other hand Denmark and Finland shelled out 58 percent and 55 percent of their GDPs respectively, making them the top spenders in the EU in 2012. Unfortunately for France’s taxpayers looser spending hasn’t necessarily translated into equivalently better services.

Though France spent more than any other European Union nations on pensions, neighboring countries like Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Sweden were as good or better than France in terms of the adequacy of payments, the report said. Though the quality of its retirement fund was just a few points better than France, the Netherlands was spending nearly half what France was.

Up next, the French school system, particularly its secondary levels, suffered from a similar lack of bang for its euro. It was the third biggest spending, yet the quality of teaching its students were getting was in the bottom half of the EU’s core 15 nations.

France, which only beat Italy, Spain, Greece and Portugal, has suffered recently from a crisis within its national education system. Teacher suicides and battles over the school calendar have added to the anxieties of French parents and prompted calls for reform.

Finally France’s health system, which is among the best in Europe, also cost taxpayers more than in most EU countries. Sweden and Finland both had more effective systems, at a lower price than France, the table found.

It’s worth noting that France came in at number six in terms of quality behind countries like Denmark, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, which have significantly smaller populations.

Though the UK was not far behind France in cost (7.9 percent of GDP versus about 8.3 percent respectively), the Gallic care was considered nearly three times better.

If most of the areas seem as though they have been in the headlines lately, it’s because they have. The government has announced cuts or freezes in many of these areas and more are expected.

It’s part of President François Hollande “Responsibility pact” which aims to cut €50 billion from France’s expenses over the next three years, which would allow the country to reduce taxes on companies.

Those companies are then supposed to create some 500,000 jobs, which would hopefully mean more opportunities for the record 3.38 million unemployed people in France. The government has already warned, though, the coming cuts could hurt.

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BREXIT

OPINION: Pre-Brexit Brits in Europe should be given EU long-term residency

The EU has drawn up plans to make it easier for non-EU citizens to gain longterm EU residency so they can move more easily around the bloc, but Italy-based citizens' rights campaigner Clarissa Killwick says Brits who moved to the EU before Brexit are already losing out.

OPINION: Pre-Brexit Brits in Europe should be given EU long-term residency

With all the talk about the EU long-term residency permit and the proposed improvements there is no mention that UK citizens who are Withdrawal Agreement “beneficiaries” are currently being left out in the cold.

The European Commission has stated that we can hold multiple statuses including the EU long-term permit (Under a little-known EU law, third-country nationals can in theory acquire EU-wide long-term resident status if they have lived ‘legally’ in an EU country for at least five years) but in reality it is just not happening.

This effectively leaves Brits locked into their host countries while other third country nationals can enjoy some mobility rights. As yet, in Italy, it is literally a question of the computer saying no if someone tries to apply.

The lack of access to the EU long-term permit to pre-Brexit Brits is an EU-wide issue and has been flagged up to the European Commission but progress is very slow.

READ ALSO: EU government settle on rules for how non-EU citizens could move around Europe

My guess is that few UK nationals who already have permanent residency status under the Withdrawal Agreement are even aware of the extra mobility rights they could have with the EU long-term residency permit – or do not even realise they are two different things.

Perhaps there won’t be very large numbers clamouring for it but it is nothing short of discrimination not to make it accessible to British people who’ve built their lives in the EU.

They may have lost their status as EU citizens but nothing has changed concerning the contributions they make, both economically and socially.

An example of how Withdrawal Agreement Brits in Italy are losing out

My son, who has lived almost his whole life here, wanted to study in the Netherlands to improve his employment prospects.

Dutch universities grant home fees rather than international fees to holders of an EU long-term permit. The difference in fees for a Master’s, for example, is an eye-watering €18,000. He went through the application process, collecting the requisite documents, making the payments and waited many months for an appointment at the “questura”, (local immigration office).

On the day, it took some persuading before they agreed he should be able to apply but then the whole thing was stymied because the national computer system would not accept a UK national. I am in no doubt, incidentally, that had he been successful he would have had to hand in his WA  “carta di soggiorno”.

This was back in February 2022 and nothing has budged since then. In the meantime, it is a question of pay up or give up for any students in the same boat as my son. There is, in fact, a very high take up of the EU long-term permit in Italy so my son’s non-EU contemporaries do not face this barrier.

Long-term permit: The EU’s plan to make freedom of movement easier for non- EU nationals 

Completing his studies was stalled by a year until finally his Italian citizenship came through after waiting over 5 years.  I also meet working adults in Italy with the EU long-term permit who use it for work purposes, such as in Belgium and Germany, and for family reunification.  

Withdrawal agreement card should double up as EU long-term residency permit

A statement that Withdrawal Agreement beneficiaries should be able to hold multiple statuses is not that easy to find. You have to scroll quite far down the page on the European Commission’s website to find a link to an explanatory document. It has been languishing there since March 2022 but so far not proved very useful.

It has been pointed out to the Commission that the document needs to be multilingual not just in English and “branded” as an official communication from the Commission so it can be used as a stand-alone. But having an official document you can wave at the immigration authorities is going to get you nowhere if Member State governments haven’t acknowledged that WA beneficiaries can hold multiple statuses and issue clear guidance and make sure systems are modified accordingly.

I can appreciate this is no mean feat in countries where they do not usually allow multiple statuses or, even if they do, issue more than one residency card. Of course, other statuses we should be able to hold are not confined to EU long-term residency, they should include the EU Blue Card, dual nationality, family member of an EU citizen…

Personally, I do think people should be up in arms about this. The UK and EU negotiated an agreement which not only removed our freedom of movement as EU citizens, it also failed to automatically give us equal mobility rights to other third country nationals. We are now neither one thing nor the other.

It would seem the only favour the Withdrawal Agreement did us was we didn’t have to go out and come back in again! Brits who follow us, fortunate enough to get a visa, may well pip us at the post being able to apply for EU long-term residency as clearly defined non-EU citizens.

I have been bringing this issue to the attention of the embassy in Rome, FCDO and the European Commission for three years now. I hope we will see some movement soon.

Finally, there should be no dragging of heels assuming we will all take citizenship of our host countries. Actually, we shouldn’t have to, my son was fortunate, even though it took a long time. Others may not meet the requirements or wish to give up their UK citizenship in countries which do not permit dual nationality.  

Bureaucratic challenges may seem almost insurmountable but why not simply allow our Withdrawal Agreement permanent card to double up as the EU long-term residency permit.

Clarissa Killwick,

Since 2016, Clarissa has been a citizens’ rights campaigner and advocate with the pan-European group, Brexpats – Hear Our Voice.
She is co-founder and co-admin of the FB group in Italy, Beyond Brexit – UK citizens in Italy.

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