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EUROPE

‘Northern EU countries don’t take Italy seriously’

On July 1st Italy will take over the EU presidency, setting Europe's agenda for the next six months. The Local investigates whether Matteo Renzi can use the chance to reposition Italy in Europe.

'Northern EU countries don't take Italy seriously'
European Commission President José Manuel Barroso (L) with Matteo Renzi, prime minister of Italy, and Herman van Rompuy (R), president of the European Council, in Brussels on June 4th. Photo: Georges

Usually the underdog when it comes to serious European politics, Italy came out as the unexpected winner of last month’s EU elections.

Prime Minister Matteo Renzi won an impressive 40.8 percent of the vote, making his Democratic Party (PD) the largest left-wing party in the European Parliament.

Great things were expected of Renzi in the days which followed, not least of all as Italy will on July 1st take over the rotating EU presidency.

But the Italian premier has kept quiet since election fever waned, failing to get involved in the debate surrounding who will be the new European Commission president, prompting hopes to fade of a new place for Italy in European politics.

SEE ALSO: Will Italy oust France as Germany's EU ally?

Despite the prime minister’s great election victory, Italy will likely have a “passive presidency” of the Council of the EU, according to Christian Blasberg, a professor at Rome’s Luiss University.

“I don’t think that many things will change. I don’t think the election result will have a very big impact on the semester,” he tells The Local.

One indication that Italy may fail to reposition itself in Europe is the recent debate over the next European Commission president, who is set to replace José Manuel Barroso later this year.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel has backed Jean-Claude Juncker, former prime minister of Luxembourg, a choice rejected by UK Prime Minister David Cameron.

As Blasberg explains, “the focus is on Germany and the UK, while perhaps France can play a little role. There’s not much talk of Italy.”

While it could be in Italy’s interest to play a stronger role in the Commission president decision, Blasberg says “northern European countries don’t really take Italy into consideration.”

But for Daniele Pasquinucci, a professor at the University of Siena, Italy still has the chance to make itself heard.

“The defeat that Renzi inflicted on the Italian Eurosceptic parties, especially the Five Star Movement (M5S), immediately turned him into a ‘European leader’,” he argues.

While Italy has just six months at the helm of the Council of the EU, the presidency will give the government “a good opportunity to put the country at the centre of the European scene,” Pasquinucci tells The Local.

As president, Italy will be responsible for organizing EU meetings and setting the EU’s political agenda, with a focus on economic growth and job creation.

But for Blasberg, the structure of the rotating presidency does not give Italy much opportunity to make a real difference to the EU.

A country “can give some orientation and make proposals, but it’s not in a position to be able to make policy changes. The Italian presidency is not in a position to do much more,” he says.

Furthermore, despite Renzi getting the backing of his electorate, Blasberg believes that “Germany is inclined to not take the promises from Italy too seriously.”

Just a few months with a youthful, reform-driven prime minister in Rome is not enough to turn the tide on years of political turmoil.

Since three-time prime minister Silvio Berlusconi resigned in November 2011, leaving the country’s economy in dire straits, Italy has had one national election and three prime ministers.

Such a record is unlikely to fill the leaders of the EU – the world’s most well-developed union of democratic nations – with confidence, less so to grant Italy significant decision-making powers.

Hopes that Italy may be able to shake off its bad reputation, with Renzi as the poster boy of Europe, were promptly dashed with the recent revelations of not just one, but two, high-profile corruption scandals.

A number of officials at Milan’s Expo2015 trade fair – billed as a way to promote foreign investment in Italy – are currently being investigated for corruption over €1.35 billion worth of construction contracts.

Shortly after the scandal broke, police in Venice announced they had traced €20 million transferred from the city’s “Moses” flood barrier project to foreign bank accounts and allegedly used to finance political parties.

Pasquinucci describes the two scandals as “extremely serious”.

“Nobody can underestimate their meaning and their implications,” he says, although adds that he does not think they will weaken Italy’s EU presidency.

On the other hand, however, Pasquinucci says that “a lot will depend on the measures that the Italian government takes to tackle the problem of corruption.”

No matter Germany’s view of Europe, or that of other leading EU nations, Blasberg believes the Italian government is currently far too preoccupied to place much emphasis on the forthcoming presidency.

“Italy is concerned with its own problems. There’s not much orientation of what we can do within the EU, but instead how we can solve our own problems,” he says.

Growth in Italy this year has been forecast at 0.6 percent by the European Commission, after shrinking by 0.1 percent in the first quarter of 2014. Job creation also remains a challenge, with unemployment reaching 13.6 percent in the first three months of this year.

But for Pasquinucci, Italy’s new “strong-willed” leader can get attention both at home and abroad.

“The main merit of Renzi is to have given a strong momentum to the inconclusive Italian political life, through the announcement of a vast and ambitious reform agenda,” Pasquinucci says.

As Italy reflects on the European elections and looks to its presidency, he says, “the current position of Italy in the EU seems to be more solid.” 

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BREXIT

OPINION: Pre-Brexit Brits in Europe should be given EU long-term residency

The EU has drawn up plans to make it easier for non-EU citizens to gain longterm EU residency so they can move more easily around the bloc, but Italy-based citizens' rights campaigner Clarissa Killwick says Brits who moved to the EU before Brexit are already losing out.

OPINION: Pre-Brexit Brits in Europe should be given EU long-term residency

With all the talk about the EU long-term residency permit and the proposed improvements there is no mention that UK citizens who are Withdrawal Agreement “beneficiaries” are currently being left out in the cold.

The European Commission has stated that we can hold multiple statuses including the EU long-term permit (Under a little-known EU law, third-country nationals can in theory acquire EU-wide long-term resident status if they have lived ‘legally’ in an EU country for at least five years) but in reality it is just not happening.

This effectively leaves Brits locked into their host countries while other third country nationals can enjoy some mobility rights. As yet, in Italy, it is literally a question of the computer saying no if someone tries to apply.

The lack of access to the EU long-term permit to pre-Brexit Brits is an EU-wide issue and has been flagged up to the European Commission but progress is very slow.

READ ALSO: EU government settle on rules for how non-EU citizens could move around Europe

My guess is that few UK nationals who already have permanent residency status under the Withdrawal Agreement are even aware of the extra mobility rights they could have with the EU long-term residency permit – or do not even realise they are two different things.

Perhaps there won’t be very large numbers clamouring for it but it is nothing short of discrimination not to make it accessible to British people who’ve built their lives in the EU.

They may have lost their status as EU citizens but nothing has changed concerning the contributions they make, both economically and socially.

An example of how Withdrawal Agreement Brits in Italy are losing out

My son, who has lived almost his whole life here, wanted to study in the Netherlands to improve his employment prospects.

Dutch universities grant home fees rather than international fees to holders of an EU long-term permit. The difference in fees for a Master’s, for example, is an eye-watering €18,000. He went through the application process, collecting the requisite documents, making the payments and waited many months for an appointment at the “questura”, (local immigration office).

On the day, it took some persuading before they agreed he should be able to apply but then the whole thing was stymied because the national computer system would not accept a UK national. I am in no doubt, incidentally, that had he been successful he would have had to hand in his WA  “carta di soggiorno”.

This was back in February 2022 and nothing has budged since then. In the meantime, it is a question of pay up or give up for any students in the same boat as my son. There is, in fact, a very high take up of the EU long-term permit in Italy so my son’s non-EU contemporaries do not face this barrier.

Long-term permit: The EU’s plan to make freedom of movement easier for non- EU nationals 

Completing his studies was stalled by a year until finally his Italian citizenship came through after waiting over 5 years.  I also meet working adults in Italy with the EU long-term permit who use it for work purposes, such as in Belgium and Germany, and for family reunification.  

Withdrawal agreement card should double up as EU long-term residency permit

A statement that Withdrawal Agreement beneficiaries should be able to hold multiple statuses is not that easy to find. You have to scroll quite far down the page on the European Commission’s website to find a link to an explanatory document. It has been languishing there since March 2022 but so far not proved very useful.

It has been pointed out to the Commission that the document needs to be multilingual not just in English and “branded” as an official communication from the Commission so it can be used as a stand-alone. But having an official document you can wave at the immigration authorities is going to get you nowhere if Member State governments haven’t acknowledged that WA beneficiaries can hold multiple statuses and issue clear guidance and make sure systems are modified accordingly.

I can appreciate this is no mean feat in countries where they do not usually allow multiple statuses or, even if they do, issue more than one residency card. Of course, other statuses we should be able to hold are not confined to EU long-term residency, they should include the EU Blue Card, dual nationality, family member of an EU citizen…

Personally, I do think people should be up in arms about this. The UK and EU negotiated an agreement which not only removed our freedom of movement as EU citizens, it also failed to automatically give us equal mobility rights to other third country nationals. We are now neither one thing nor the other.

It would seem the only favour the Withdrawal Agreement did us was we didn’t have to go out and come back in again! Brits who follow us, fortunate enough to get a visa, may well pip us at the post being able to apply for EU long-term residency as clearly defined non-EU citizens.

I have been bringing this issue to the attention of the embassy in Rome, FCDO and the European Commission for three years now. I hope we will see some movement soon.

Finally, there should be no dragging of heels assuming we will all take citizenship of our host countries. Actually, we shouldn’t have to, my son was fortunate, even though it took a long time. Others may not meet the requirements or wish to give up their UK citizenship in countries which do not permit dual nationality.  

Bureaucratic challenges may seem almost insurmountable but why not simply allow our Withdrawal Agreement permanent card to double up as the EU long-term residency permit.

Clarissa Killwick,

Since 2016, Clarissa has been a citizens’ rights campaigner and advocate with the pan-European group, Brexpats – Hear Our Voice.
She is co-founder and co-admin of the FB group in Italy, Beyond Brexit – UK citizens in Italy.

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