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SMOKING

French teens ‘drink and smoke more’ since ban

French efforts to call time on underage drinking appear to have had the reverse effect as a new report revealed 16 and 17-year-olds are actually smoking and drinking more since France raised the minimum age at which a person can buy alcohol and cigarettes in 2009.

French teens 'drink and smoke more' since ban
French 16 and 17-year-olds are actually smoking and drinking more since France’s 2009 ban on selling cigarettes and alcohol to teenagers under the age of 18. Photo: Winnie Liu

Despite a 2009 law raising the minimum age of the ban on alcohol and cigarette sales from 16 to 18, teenagers, or more specifically 16 and 17-year-olds are actually drinking and smoking more than they did before the law change, according OFDT, the French Observatory on Drugs and Addiction.

In the latest issue of their monthly journal ‘Tendances’, the Observatory points out that drinking and smoking has increased among French 16 and 17-year-olds, since it became illegal to sell booze and fags to them in 2009.

Between 2007 and 2011 (two years before and two years after the ban), there were modest increases in regular drinking (“usage regulier”), drunkenness (“ivresse”), binge drinking (“alcoolisation ponctuelle importante”) and daily smoking (“usage quotidian”) among 16-year-olds.

That rise in consumption was even more pronounced for 17-year-olds in the period between 2008 and 2011, as this table from the OFDT study indicates.

France raised the age limit in 2009 in a bid to tackle the increased trend of "le binge drinking", which up until a few years ago had been a phenomenon associated only with Anglo countries.

Doubts were raised at the time that the law change would not have the desired affect.

"I think that [the health minister] has put a finger in a grenade for which youths will pay dearly: she has created prohibition in France," said Bernard Quartier, president of the National Federation of cafes, brasseries and discotheques. "The street is going to become the premier bistro of France," he said

And this week's report by the OFTD appears to have proved Quartier was right to have concerns.

One third of vendors 'never ask for ID'

The Drugs and Addiction Observatory is in no doubt about what’s to blame for the ineffectiveness of the law.

Not enough tobacco and alcohol sellers are asking for IDs in France, according to the OFDT, and secret checks on vendors aren’t frequent enough.

The study found that only 40 percent of cigarette-vendors, “systematically refused to sell cigarettes to minors,” and the proportion who regularly asked customers for ID hadn’t gone up between 2006 and 2011, despite being mandated by law in 2009.

When it comes to alcohol, only 60 percent of vendors “systematically refused to sell to minors,” and one third said they never asked for ID.

The Observatory recommends “better training [for vendors ] on how to refuse to sell to minors,” and calls for a reinforcement of checks by authorities on vendors, which “at the moment are not numerous enough, and too infrequent to be a deterrent.”

'Getting plastered has become a badge of honour'

The OFTD's report is just the latest in recent months that points to a wave of worrying reports on alcoholism and excessive drinking, particularly among teenagers, in recent months.

Back in March, The Local reported a study which found that alcohol abuse had become the number one cause of hospitalisation in the country, with short emergency room stays for injuries related to drunken trips and falls skyrocketing by 80 percent in just three years.

“Getting plastered on a night out has become a real badge of honour for many of our young people, especially young women, which is particularly disturbing,” gastroenterologist Dr. Damien Labarrière said at the time.

Those revelations came just two weeks after a report which found that 134 people died in France every day, from alcohol-related illnesses and incidents.

Tobacco-sellers subjected to checks 'once a century'

France has struggled in recent years to shake its well-known smoking culture, and last December a damning report found that the country’s efforts to cut down had been a complete failure.

The number of smokers fell from 34.7 percent to 31.4 percent between 2000 and 2005 but rose again to 33.7 percent by 2010, with the upward trend strongest among women, the young and people in economic difficulty.

At the time, Didier Migaud, the first president of the Cour de Comptes, the body that audits government spending, compared the situation in France unfavourably to Britain.

There, the percentage of people smoking has fallen from 30 percent to 20 percent in the last decade, thanks to education, programmes designed to help people quit and strict enforcement of restrictions on sales of tobacco, notably to minors.

"Here a tobacconist is likely to be subjected to checks once a century," Migaud said of France.

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HEALTH

How Spain could stamp out smoking

A fifth of Spain's population smokes on a daily basis. With such high numbers, here's how the country's pulmonologists propose to get smokers to quit.

Spain plans to get people to quit smoking
How Spain plans to get people to stop smoking. Photo: Khalil MAZRAAWI / AFP

For many outsiders, Spain is a nation of smokers. 

The stats from Spain’s Ministry of Health show that 23.3 percent of men smoke every day in Spain, compared with 16.4 percent of women.

For both males and females, the highest number of smokers are aged between 25 and 34, meaning that it’s the younger population who are smoking slightly more than the older generations. 

Spain’s pulmonologists are now pushing for the country’s tobacco laws to be tightened, claiming that reform is needed after the last legislation was approved a decade ago.

READ ALSO: Spain warns against smoking and vaping in public to avoid Covid infections

Why is smoking such a problem in Spain and what is being done about it?

The latest stats from the Spanish Ministry of Health show that lung cancer, often caused by smoking, is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in Spain, with 29,549 cases diagnosed so far in 2021.

Given these high figures Spain’s Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) has proposed five measures to help get people to stop smoking.

SEPAR points out that every time anti-smoking legislation is reformed and things for smokers made more difficult, the prevalence of smoking decreases.  

Smoking on terraces was banned in some regions during the pandemic. Photo: CRISTINA QUICLER / AFP
  • Price of tobacco to rise in 2022

The first point on their list is to raise the price of tobacco, which must cover all forms, from cigarettes to cigars, through to rolling tobacco, and electronic cigarettes.  

This first measure may soon become a reality as the Spanish government has already predicted that the price of tobacco will rise in 2022, after several years of stagnation.  

It is expected that tobacco will be responsible for almost a third of all special taxes received in 2022, equating to €21.8 billion.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “cheap tobacco” in Spain guarantees “a percentage of smokers above 30 percent”.

In Spain, the price of a pack of tobacco is around €5, which is much cheaper than in other countries. In Australia for example, a pack of tobacco costs around €22, and in the United Kingdom and France, each pack of tobacco costs around €12.4 and €10.5, respectively.

According to Dr. Carlos A. Jiménez Ruiz, pulmonologist and president of the society, the current anti-smoking law has “some deficiencies” that need to be addressed in order to develop legislation that is more effective and efficient, especially with regard to the prevention of tobacco consumption in young people, but also in helping smokers to stop smoking and in protecting the health of non-smokers. 

READ ALSO – Maps: Which beaches in Spain have banned smoking?

Besides increasing the cost of tobacco SEPAR proposes four other measures to get Spain to quit smoking. These include:

  • Banning the consumption of tobacco in public spaces, even outdoors
    During the pandemic, several regions approved a regulation to prohibit smoking on terraces. SEPAR proposes that smoking be prohibited not only in spaces such as terraces but also in sports stadiums, beaches, parks and bullrings, and that fines should be imposed for those who do not comply.

  • Establish generic packaging
    SEPAR also wants Spain to introduce generic packaging, which means no logos and images of the tobacco companies. This measure has also proven to lower the sales of tobacco in countries where it has been implemented, such as Australia and New Zealand. According to the latest statistics from the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey around 11.6 percent of adults in Australia smoke daily. 

  • The regulation of other smoking devices
    Despite the fact that all products that burn tobacco such as cigarettes are already regulated, SEPAR believes that it is also necessary to regulate the sale, consumption and advertising of electronic cigarettes. This is because e-cigarettes have become particularly popular among young people. 

  • Promote help for those seeking to quit smoking
    The last proposal is the creation and development of special units in public health departments to help people to stop smoking and to put more funds towards these programmes. 

How does Spain compare with other European countries when it comes to smoking?

According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), while Spain does have a high number of smokers there are still several European countries that have more. The European countries with the highest number of smokers are Greece, Bulgaria and Hungary.

The latest European survey from 2020 shows that 42 percent of Greeks claim to be smokers, which is only slightly above Spain. 

On the other side, the European countries with the lowest number of smokers are mainly Nordic countries, such as Sweden, Finland, Iceland and Norway.

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