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MINING

Swedes’ anger mounts over Beowulf mine plans

Protests at the Kallak iron mining site in northern Sweden took a new turn this week as police had to dig protesters out of the ground, the latest in a standoff with the Beowulf mining company that critics say will give nothing back to the local community.

Swedes' anger mounts over Beowulf mine plans
Anger mounts in Sweden over Beowulf mining plans

“The Sami have no power to stop people coming here to exploit the land without giving anything back, not just to the local community, but also to the Swedish state,” Josefina Lundgren Skerk, chairwoman of the youth council of Sametinget, the part-devolved general assembly of the local indigenous Sami population, told The Local.

The comments come after protestors ramped up a blockade of the mining site, one of 18 sites where Beowulf, the mineral exploration parent company to Jokkmokk Iron Mines, holds exploration permits in northern Sweden.

Some 30 protestors dug in, literally, this week, with two demonstrators tying themselves to pipes that they had lowered into the ground before burying themselves.

“It took several hours to dig them up,” local police inspector Fredrik Söderlind told the TT news agency.

According to Lundgren Skerk “no one stands to benefit” from the mine, adding that she felt isolated in her own Social Democrat party, which holds power in Jokkmokk municipality.

“They’ve chosen a quick fix, a short-term solution to the long-term budget problems that all inland communities face,” she said, referring to the brain drain facing many smaller rural communities across Sweden.

Lundgren Skerk said an open-cast mine at Kallak would provide 375 jobs, whereas, in comparison, a new tourism centre in the Jokkmokk’s Sarek National Park, a World Heritage site, could provide 500 jobs.

“It’s a lot more jobs, and it’s forever, compared to the mining jobs that will last as long as the open-cast mine is open for about 14 years,” she said. “Then there’s nothing left but a hole in ground.”

“For some unfathomable reason, Jokkmokk municipality is sacrificing its population’s well-being to make some rich person even richer,” she added. “It wouldn’t surprise me so much if the local politicians were conservative.”

The blockade of site has now been up running for a month prior to this week’s burial protest, which Beowulf said won’t stop work on the site.

“There are a limited number of protesters at the (Kallak) site who have sought to disrupt operations,” Beowulf said in a recent statement, but added that it was “continuing to make good progress with its fieldwork activities in full compliance with the terms and conditions of its various licences, work plans and its approved test mining permit which remains valid for two years from the date of works commencing.”

Beowulf is listed on both the AIM market in London and the AktieTorget market in Stockholm.

“Sweden’s mining law, which is among the world’s most permissible, allows companies that pay tax abroad to fly in staff that pay income tax abroad,” Lundgren Skerk said, explaining that she disliked the law both as a Swede and as a Sami. Her youth council’s appeal to Enterprise Minister Annie Lööf to come visit the site has so far fallen on deaf ears.

“It’s not just mining, of course, we also have forestry companies and energy companies that run hydroelectric dams up north where there is nothing going back to the local community.”

Ann Törnkvist

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MINING

Spain’s vast supplies of untapped rare minerals pit environmentalists against high-tech

Spain's untapped rare earths (the second biggest supply in Europe) are stoking tensions between mining companies and environmentalists over fears of the devastating impact of extracting minerals considered essential for a high-tech and low-carbon economy.

Spain's vast supplies of untapped rare minerals pit environmentalists against high-tech
Rare earths are essential in a range of high-tech products key to combatting climate change. Photo: Christophe ARCHAMBAULT/AFP

The group of 17 minerals are — despite their name — widely distributed across the globe, but exist in such thin concentrations that extracting even small quantities requires the processing of enormous quantities of ore.

Still, they are key ingredients in a range of high-tech and cutting-edge products, from wind turbines and electric vehicles to smart phones, medical devices and missile-guidance systems.

With China having a stranglehold on global supply and demand surging to meet the transition to a low-carbon economy, the political pressure – and financial incentive – to put strategic interests ahead of the environment is growing.

“Spain has the largest amount of rare earths in Europe after Finland. There is real potential,” said Vicente Gutiérrez Peinador, president of the National Confederation of Mining and Metallurgy Companies (Confedem).

Ninety-eight percent of the rare earths used in the EU are imported from China, prompting Brussels to recently urge member states to develop their own extraction capacities.

Spain’s reserves are estimated at 70,000 tonnes, according to the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain.

“On a global level this is not much, but on a European scale it is significant,” said Roberto Martínez, head of mineral resources at the institute.

‘Opportunity for Spain’

And it is enough to arouse the interest of investors as demand for the minerals continues to surge.

“It is an opportunity for Spain,” said Confedem’s Peinador, but also “for Europe”.

“Two sites in particular are considered interesting: one in Monte Galineiro, in Galicia,” and the other in the province of Ciudad Real, in the Castilla y Leon region, said Martinez.

Only the 240-hectare (590-acre) Matamulas site in Ciudad Real has so far been the subject of an application to mine.

The site is rich in monazite — an ore containing rare earth minerals including thorium, lanthanum and cerium.

A cyclist wears a protective face mask while riding along a dusty roadv where dozens of factories processing rare earths
China has a stranglehold on global supply of rare earths — along with the environmental devastation their extraction creates Photo: FREDERIC J. BROWN / AFP

However, the project has been blocked: the region refused the mining permit filed by Madrid-based Quantum Mineria in 2019 due to concerns about its environmental impact.

“This deposit is located in an area of great environmental value”, between two protected areas, said Elena Solis, coordinator for mining issues of the NGO Ecologists in Action.

It would involve “moving an astronomical amount of earth, which would put the whole area at risk”, said Solis, who also pointed to the “enormous amount of water” needed for this operation and the risk of pollution by toxic or even radioactive dust.

Holes filled in

These arguments were rejected by the company, which lodged a legal appeal.

The refusal of the permit “is incomprehensible” because “we are in a territory considered suitable for mining” by the administration, said Enrique Burkhalter, project director of Quantum Mineria, who denounced “unfounded fears” around the proposal.

According to the company, the extraction would take place on the surface, using a technique that limits the risk of toxic dust: the earth would be transported by truck to a factory, then sieved and finally returned to the site, once the minerals have been removed.

“It is not an open pit… The holes would be quickly filled in so that the crops could be cultivated again,” said Burkhalter.

These arguments are in turn rejected by Ecologists in Action, which believes that the land concerned will be permanently affected.

What will the courts say?

Beyond their differences, industrialists and environmentalists agree on the importance of the court’s decision, which could make or break the extraction projects.

The ruling, expected in several months’ time, will be “important” but “will not put an end to the debate”, said Martinez, who pointed to a paradox inherent in mining: “On paper, everyone wants to reduce external dependence, but as soon as we talk about concrete projects, it’s a different matter.”

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