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MAFIA

Swedish mafia’s trademark cannot be rebuilt: police

Upon news that a man suspected as an accessory to a high-profile double murder in Södertälje was allowed to leave custody on Monday, the local community said a potential breakdown of the mafia trial would be "the beginning of a catastrophe".

Swedish mafia's trademark cannot be rebuilt: police

The release from custody of the 40-year-old does not, however, worry local law enforcers, although it remains possible that the verdict downgrades the accessory to murder charge.

Overall, the police said they were not worried that the case, which had to redone after a lay judge was found to be potentially biased in the first run last year, would crumble.

“On the contrary, there is more evidence this time around and it has

been worked through a second time for the retrial,” said Gunnar Appelgren, head of the investigation, one of Sweden’s all-time most complicated and expensive.

Eighteen people have stood trial in the recently concluded second edition of the court case.

The 40-year-old who left custody at noon on Monday is suspected of having played a pivotal role in the brutal murder of two brothers, of whom one was a local football star in Södertälje’s Assyriska club.

The suspect is not, however, the main kingpin, and Appelgren told The Local that the man did not have the clout to rebuild the Södertälje Network even if he were freed, which the police deem unlikely.

“A person can always go back to organized crime, but not in the same way. The key people are gone, and the Network’s trademark has been destroyed,” Appelgren said.

A local interpreter, who translated several interviews with witnesses, said the 40-year-old’s release from custody was no big deal. The name of kingpin Bernard Khouri, however, does still inspire fear in the community.

“If it was Khouri, I’d be worried,” the interpreter, who chose to remain anonymous, told The Local.

Khouri, who is being tried for conspiracy to commit murder, remains in custody. Local newspaper Länstidningen (LT) reported that he looked away as the prosecution showed pictures of the murdered brothers in the latest installment of the trial.

There were originally eight people standing trial for their role in the double homicide, but the first verdict found three of them not guilty. The prosecution chose not to attempt to prosecute them in the second trial.

The police do not fear any major revision of the sentences passed down in the first version of the trial.

“If it did, it would the beginning of a catastrophe,” a municipal politician told The Local.

“Södertälje cannot go back to how it was before the police stepped in,” she said.

Appelgren, who supervised the cross-agency investigation, admitted in 2010 that police at Stockholm County level had too long ignored the pleas for help from the industrial town, just shy of an hour south of Stockholm.

“It is difficult to explain the reach of this network, people lived in two different worlds,” the local politician said.

“A parallel business world, alternative banking with extortionate interest rates, a unique class structure…. when the police stepped in, people plucked up the courage to be Södertälje residents first and foremost,” she told The Local.

Ann Törnkvist

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MAFIA

‘We mustn’t bow to violence’: Italy’s Covid-hit businesses battle to resist mafia

Mafia hunters warns that the pressure on Italian businesses will only increase as the economic fall-out from Covid-19 and a national lockdown bites.

'We mustn't bow to violence': Italy's Covid-hit businesses battle to resist mafia
Italian businesses are more vulnerable than ever to mafia infiltration amid the Covid-19 emergency. File photo: Alberto Pizzoli/AFP

Italian entrepreneur Gabriele Menotti Lippolis can still hear the threat ringing in his ears: “Pay up, or we'll slit you from gullet to gizzard.”

He has had to fight off extortion attempts not once, but twice. Speaking about it openly is “not easy”, he told AFP, but increasingly urgent, as the mafia feasts on companies weakened by the coronavirus pandemic.

“I was approached and told to cough up a certain sum,” said Lippolis, who runs an events company, as well as owning restaurants and one of the biggest beach clubs in the southern region of Puglia.

“I didn't say no immediately,” he said about the 2017 incident. “I went to the police station half an hour later to file a complaint.

“They were very difficult moments. I thought of my family, of my colleagues…. The threats were clear,” he added.

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Italy has a long history of extortion by its mafias, from the Cosa Nostra in Sicily to the 'Ndrangheta in Calabria and the Camorra in Campania, with rackets run from the country's southern beaches to its bustling northern cities.

Lippolis, 43, insists that the only thing to do in such situations is to report it. His aggressor was arrested.

“We mustn't bow to violence or threats, but make people understand that the state is the strongest. Only together will we beat the mafias,” he said.

He is not the only one rebelling: a revolt by shopkeepers in Palermo in Sicily against demands for “pizzo” protection money lead to 20 arrests last week.

But mafia hunters warn that the pressure on businesses will only increase as the economic fall-out from the virus — and nationwide lockdown — is fully felt.

“The lockdown has left many companies in difficulty and brought some to their knees,” said Enzo Ciconte, the author of numerous books on Italian organised crime.

“The mafia try to take advantage of that to infiltrate [businesses]. One of their strategies is to lend money; when it is not returned, they take over the companies,” he said.

Often the rates offered to business owners on the verge of bankruptcy — who are unable to get the necessary bank loans — are exorbitant, sometimes topping 500 percent. The pressure to repay gradually increases, with phone calls or visits.

Once the business owner is cornered, “the mafia may leave him or her in place, but the profits go into their pockets. It's a good technique because it makes police investigations more complicated,” Ciconte said.

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Cosa Nostra may be Italy's most famous mafia, thanks to films like The Godfather series, but its efforts to infiltrate the rich, industrial north pale into comparison with its fellow organised crime groups.

The influence of the Sicilian mob waned following a fierce crackdown by the authorities after the 1992 bombings that killed top anti-mafia judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, Ciconte said.

Conversely, the wealthy 'Ndrangheta is all powerful in Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna and Piedmont, having settled there in the 1950s. It also has a large presence in Veneto and Lazio, along with the Camorra, he added.

Infiltrating a company can be an easy way to launder huge amounts of dirty money from drugs or prostitution.

But it can also prove a cash cow. Experts have warned the mob will be quick to not only infiltrate but also create new companies to benefit from the billions of euros soon to be available under the EU recovery plan.

“The history of organised crime has taught us that whenever there are large flows of money, there is a risk of infiltration,” Marco Valentini, who is Naples' prefect or security chief, told AFP.

“We are certain that there will be attempts, and we are implementing all preventive measures to ward them off.”


Police in Ostia, a hub for the Rome mafia. Photo: Tiziana Fabi/AFP

Valentini said fraud investigators look closely at who is on company boards — and how that make-up may change — as well as whether there are ties to known crime families or suspicious transfers of holdings or headquarters.

Like his counterparts across the country, this year he is making extensive use of “anti-mafia bans”, administrative measures that blacklist companies from bidding for public contracts.

Italian prefects have issued more than 1,600 such bans since the start of the year, the interior ministry said, some 25 percent compared to 2019, according to the Repubblica daily.

Two southern regions — Campania and Calabria — account for half of them, but the north is also affected, with over 200 slapped on businesses in Emilia-Romagna.

“The most affected sectors are the catering industry — restaurants, pizzerias, bars — and construction and the health sectors,” Valentini said.

Anyone being approached by someone suspicious “must have the courage to report them”, he urged.

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Lippolis, who is also head of the Confindustria organisation for young entrepreneurs in Puglia, knows from personal experience how hard it is to find that courage.

“Historically, business owners have been proud creatures, with difficulty confiding in people when problems arise. But that's changing,” he said.

Southern Italy may sometimes have a bad reputation, but he refuses to see it as a “no-man's land” where the mob has free rein, insisting instead that it has “enormous potential” for investments in the region.

Italy may have entrepreneurs ready to speak out and world-class mob hunters on high alert for the risks of increased mafia activity due to the pandemic — but do others?

“I am very concerned that other European countries underestimate the risks, and have not put in place preventive measures,” Ciconte said.

“If an Italian company infiltrated by the mafia moves to work in France or Germany, it's the Italian mafia that emerges stronger.”

By AFP's Céline Cornu

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