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SAAB BECOMES CHINESE

SAAB

GM halts sale of Saab to Chinese firms

US automaker General Motors (GM) has put the brakes on the planned purchase of Sweden's Saab by two Chinese carmakers over concerns about technology licensing.

GM halts sale of Saab to Chinese firms

Saab’s former owner GM said it objects to the sale of technology licences for the Saab 9-3, 9-5, and 9-4X models to China’s Pang Da and Youngman, which together have agreed to purchase Saab for €100 million ($142 million) from current owners Swedish Automobile.

“Although General Motors is open to the continued supply of powertrains and other components to Saab under appropriate terms and conditions, GM will not agree to the continuation of the existing technology licenses or the continued supply of 9-4X vehicles to Saab following the proposed change in ownership as it would not be in the best interests of GM shareholders,” GM spokesperson James Cain said in a statement.

The 9-4X is based on GM’s Cadillac SRX, and the two models share looks, an assembly line and key components.

Speaking with the TT news agency, Cain said the decision to withhold the licenses was final.

“This wasn’t an easy decision for us to make. And it’s final,” he told TT.

According to Cain, the decision stems from concerns about allowing GM technology to fall into the hands of competitors.

“This concerns both China and other markets,” he said.

Eddie Chen, head of the China division for Sweden’s investment promotion agency, Invest Sweden, has been deeply involved in Saab’s negotiations with Pang Da and Youngman.

But he was unaware that GM might say no to the sale of its technology licenses.

“I haven’t heard anything because GM and Pang Da and Youngman haven’t been in contact with one another yet,” he told TT.

He was also uncertain what affect GM’s refusal to sell the licences might have on the sale of Saab.

“We have to go back to the drawing board,” Saab chair Victor Muller told the Reuters news agency.

He suspected that GM’s joint ventures in China are the reason for the US automakers objections.

“It’s clear that GM is concerned that their technology will be used in China to compete with their joint ventures,” Muller said to TT.

Anette Hellgren, chair of the Saab branch of the Unionen labour union, wants to know immediately from Saab management what Monday’s news from GM means for the planned sale of Saab.

“I’ve got the impression that there are several steps about which decisions need to be made in this day and that this is one of them,” she told TT regarding the sale of technology licenses to the Chinese firms that want to take over Saab.

According to Hellgren’s understanding of the deal, the sale of the licenses to which GM is now objecting, is a condition of carrying out the deal.

On Saturday GM indicated it may block the sale of Saab to two Chinese companies over concerns about its supplier relationships with Saab but that it was “very much open” to additional discussions about the deal.

“Given the time that has passed since the transaction was announced, we felt it necessary to communicate our position at this point in time,” Cain told AFP at the time.

According to the preliminary business restructuring plan, Youngman would take over 60 percent of Saab Automobile, while Pang Da would acquire 40 percent.

Two new subsidiaries would then be created in China, one for manufacturing and one for distribution.

The Chinese firms also intend to supply to €610 million ($855 million) in long-term funding for Saab.

Saab would also receive €50 million in bridge financing from Pang Da and Youngman, as well as tap a €63 million credit line with the European Investment Bank (EIB).

The Chinese companies have said they prepared to invest more than €2 billion up until 2017 in an effort to return Saab to profitability.

Projections called for Saab to sell 35,000 to 55,000 cars in 2012 and increase sales to 130,000 to 150,000 cars by 2014.

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ITALY

Gene makes coffee-lovers full of beans: Italian study

A groundbreaking study carried out in coffee-mad Italy has helped identify a gene scientists say could regulate our appetite for espressos and cappuccinos.

Gene makes coffee-lovers full of beans: Italian study
How much coffee you drink could come down to your genetic make-up. Photo: McPig/Flickr

The research, published in the journal, Scientific Reports, this month, helps explain why some people manage to get enough pep from a single cup of Joe each morning, while others need to knock back several shots of espresso before they feel full of beans.

For the study, scientists took DNA samples from over 1,100 Italian volunteers who were then asked to complete detailed questionnaires about their daily coffee habits.

When the data were analyzed, scientists identified a particular variant of a gene, known as PDSS2, which they think has a notable effect on individual appetites for black gold.

Italian respondents with the PDSS2 gene variety on average drank one cup less of coffee each day, compared to coffee drinkers who didn't have the PDSS2.

Following the discovery in Italy, the results were then replicated by scientists on a similarly sized sample of volunteers in the Netherlands.

“The tendency to drink more or less coffee is written in our genes,” said the study's author, Nicola Piratsu, from Edinburgh University's Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics.

But how does the PDSS2 gene work?

The gene is thought to influence another set of genes which control how our cells metabolize caffeine.

In people where the PDSS2 gene variety was present, rates of caffeine metabolism tend to be slow.

But in those without the gene rates of caffeine metabolism are higher, meaning their coffee-buzz wears off faster, causing them to make a beeline for the nearest café in order to get their next fix.

Following the study, scientists said more research would be needed on a larger sample group to confirm the findings and learn more about the precise workings of the 'coffee gene'.

“We believe to have added an important piece to the understanding of the genetic basis behind coffee consumption and potentially to the mechanisms regulating caffeine metabolism,” the study said. 

Coffee is the third most consumed beverage worldwide after water and tea, and scientists have long been trying to determine the genetic factors which influence consumption. The first study suggesting a hereditary aspect to drinking coffee was published in Italy in 1962.

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