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SAVINGS

Swedes strongest savers in Nordic region: study

Swedes are more conservative with money than their Nordic neighbours, according to a new Nordea survey.

Swedes strongest savers in Nordic region: study

Fourteen percent of Swedes consider having nine months’ salary in the bank ideal, compared to 4 to 5 percent among residents of other Nordic countries, according to Nordea, which interviewed 4,000 respondents in the region.

“I think that we need to reflect a bit more about what is an appropriate buffer. A buffer takes time to save up for and we must be conscious of what it should cover,” Nordea’s private economist Ingela Gabrielsson wrote in a statement on Wednesday.

“The more financial commitments we have, the greater the buffer that is needed,” she added.

Nearly half of the residents in Nordic countries believe that having two to three months’ salary in the bank is enough, but only a quarter of respondents actually manage to achieve this goal, according to Nordea.

Attitudes towards buffer savings vary significantly among the Nordic countries. Ten percent of Danes do not think buffer savings are necessary at all, compared to low single-digit percentages in the other countries and only one percent of Swedes who share the same view.

The survey also found a gap between how much respondents had actually saved up and what they hoped to put away financially. According to Nordea, 14 percent of Nordic residents had no buffer at all.

In Sweden, the figure was 16 percent, while at the same time, another 16 percent had a buffer equivalent to nine months’ salary or more.

Among Swedes, the figure hovers around 7 percent who think that a month’s wages are a sufficient buffer, compared to 20 percent in Denmark. Seventy-seven percent of Swedes have a buffer of one month’s salary or more, on a par with its Nordic neighbors, where Finns topped the list at 83 percent.

“I think this is a rather good figure. At the same time, slightly over 20 percent of Swedes have very little in buffer savings, and there I think one should think about whether it is actually sufficient. Start by listing which expenses might pop up,” said Gabrielsson.

Ten percent of Swedish youth aged 16 to 25 think that nine months’ salary or more is a good buffer. In the other countries, only a couple of percent believe such a high buffer is necessary. Twenty-three percent of Nordic youth have no buffer at all, with the figure as high as 30 percent in Denmark.

“Among young people, youth unemployment and increasingly prolonged studies result in obstacles in building upp financial security,” wrote Gabrielsson.

One in five young Finns and Norwegians do not know how large their buffer is. Among young Swedes, the figure is 10 percent.

“My advice to everyone is to look over your buffer, whether small, large or nonexistent,” said Gabrielsson.

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TAXES

How to save money on your taxes for pandemic year 2020 (and what to watch out for)

The unusual working conditions that were forced upon Germany by the pandemic have opened up opportunities to save money on your tax return. But there could be a nasty surprise in store too.

How to save money on your taxes for pandemic year 2020 (and what to watch out for)
Home office. Photo: DPA/Julian Stratenschulte

Filling out tax forms is obligatory for more people than usual in Germany this time around. While employees don’t normally have to fill out their tax returns, anyone who took in more than €410 in Kurzarbeit allowance last year must file a tax return.

The good news is that the pandemic has created a few opportunities to save some pennies.

Home office savings

Many of us have been sent into home office this year by our employers as the country tries to limit personal contacts.

The good news here is that you can deduct an office space in your house from your overall earnings.

If your office is a separate room in your house that you use exclusively as an office, and you worked in it for at least three of the five days of the week, then you can deduct the entire rental cost of this room, plus the heating and electricity costs, from your salary.

There is a cap here of €1,250 on the business expenses you can claim, unless you can show that your home office is the “qualitative centre” of your job. In other words, you have carry out most of the activities essential to your job there. But since most meetings now happen over Zoom or by telephone, it shouldn’t be too hard to prove this applies to you!

If you’ve just been using the kitchen table or you’ve set up a desk in the corner of your bedroom, don’t worry.

For the first time, in the 2020 tax year there is also a savings to be made here. This year, the tax authorities recognize any type of home office as a €5 per day work expense up to a maximum of €600.

READ MORE: What you need to know about tax changes in Germany in 2021

According to a report in Spiegel though, this €600 tax gift for 2020 isn’t as shiny as it seems. The tax office will not count it as an additional expense on top of the block €1,000 every taxpayer is given as an automatic earnings deduction for work expenses. That means that you have to prove more than an additional €400 in work expenses in order to jump over that €1,000 hurdle.

Office materials are key

The good news is that you can also deduct the money you spent on office materials for your new home office from your tax bill. A new monitor for your computer, an office chair, or a printer will all be approved as business expenses.

According to the consumer watchdog Stiftung Warentest, you can only deduct a percentage of a notebook computer from your tax bill, as the Finanzamt considers computers to be used as much for private entertainment as for business purposes.

There is also an important change on computers this year. The normal rule is that, if the purchase price before VAT is under €800, you can deduct it from tax in a single year. If it’s above €800 you have to deduct it over three years.

But an exception has been made for 2020 – regardless of how expensive you computer is, you can deduct the entire price from your income.

Possible arrears payments

Some six million people in Germany were put on Kurzarbeit (reduced work) at the height of the crisis last year. While that programme saved many people from unemployment, the slight downside is that it has had an impact on one’s tax declaration.

This is due to something called the Progressionsvorbehalt (progression caveat). The tax code states that money that you receive as benefits from the state, such as unemployment benefits, parental support, or short-time working benefits, are tax free.

READ ALSO: Why people on ‘Kurzarbeit’ in Germany need to prepare for a tax surprise

But that is not the end of the story. Thanks to the Progressionsvorbehalt, the money you receive in benefits is taken into account when the tax office considers how much tax you should be paying on the rest of your earnings.

Basically, the amount that you receive in benefits is added to the amount you received as income, and the state calculates your tax rate based on this total.

In many cases, the result is that people have to pay an additional sum in tax on top of what has been taken from their salary throughout the year. In other words, the Kurzarbeit benefits push you into a higher tax bracket.

Experts say that the difference could be around €1,600 for a gross income (salary plus benefits) above €40,000.

SEE ALSO: Everything you need to know about paying taxes in Germany

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