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WEATHER

Authorities scramble to improve winter driving conditions

Winter is setting in, with more snow and sleet expected in coming days, meanwhile authorities scramble to secure de-icing salt supplies and tighten lax winter tyre rules.

Authorities scramble to improve winter driving conditions
Photo: DPA

The German Weather Service (DWD) reported on Wednesday that temperatures would hover around freezing in the coming days, with frosty nights and snow and sleet common across the country.

Things could brighten a little around the middle of next week, the DWD added.

After struggling through last winter’s dire shortage of de-icing salt, many cities and municipalities seem to be better prepared, though. Many parts of Germany have stocked up, according to a survey published Wednesday by the ACE automobile club.

Meanwhile, Germany’s upper house of parliament or Bundesrat is set to vote on Friday to pass new regulations cracking down on the failure to use winter tyres, with the new rules to take immediate effect.

Under the country’s current highway code or Straßenverkehrsordnung, only cars fitted with winter, mud-and-snow or all-weather tyres are allowed on the roads when there is “black ice, slush, snow or ice on the roads.”

But the present rules are vague about what defines a tyre as being winter-suitable. A ruling from the Transport Ministry, following EU guidelines on the issue, has specified that a winter tyre has a minimum tread-depth of 1.6 millimetres. Even that won’t quite satisfy the ADAC motor association, which says a tyre requires a tread of at least 4 millimetres to stop effectively on snowy roads.

Under the new rules, drivers caught using their summer tyres in ice, snow or slush will have to pay a €40 fine— up from €20 in previous years. Anyone caught obstructing traffic with inappropriate tyres during the difficult winter season being slapped with an €80 fine.

On the salt issue, the ACE automobile club said most cities were boosting their supplies following a random survey of 27 cities about their stocks and orders.

Last winter, the auto club accused some cities of slashing their salt orders to save money and thereby failing to fulfill their obligations to keep roads safe.

Some municipalities, however, were banking on milder temperatures – in contrast to the latest weather predictions – and had stopped ordering supplies. Others had arranged new, more flexible salt delivery agreements in case the winter turned especially harsh.

The cities of Gera in Thuringia and Kiel in Schleswig-Holstein, for instance, had each doubled their supply compared with last year to 1,200 tones. Koblenz raised their stock from 500 to 900 tonnes and kept an option with their supplier to take another 1,500 tonnes if need be.

Mainz raised its order from 420 tonnes to 720 tonnes. Stuttgart, however reduced its order by 5 percent, ACE reported.

DPA/The Local/dw/rm

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CLIMATE CRISIS

Record heat deaths and floods: How Germany is being hit by climate change

Germany was further confronted with extreme weather conditions and their consequences last year. With this summer likely to break records again, a new report shows the impact climate change is having.

Record heat deaths and floods: How Germany is being hit by climate change

In 2023, more days of extremely high temperatures were recorded than at any time since records began, the European climate change service Copernicus and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) wrote in a joint report published on Monday. 

The records go back to 1940 and sometimes even further.

“2023 has been a complex and multifaceted year in terms of climate hazards in Europe,” said Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Director Carlo Buontempo. “We have witnessed widespread flooding, but also extreme forest fires with high temperatures and severe droughts.” 

These events have put a strain on natural ecosystems, and have also challenged agriculture, water management and public health.

According to the report, around 1.6 million people were affected by floods last year, and more than half a million people were affected by storms. The weather- and climate-related damage is estimated at well over 10 billion euros. “Unfortunately, these numbers are unlikely to decrease in the near future,” Buontempo said, referring to ongoing human-caused climate change.

Heat turns deadly, even in Germany

Averaged across Europe, 11 months of above-average warmth were recorded last year, with September being the warmest since records began in 1940. 

A record number of days with so-called extreme heat stress, i.e. perceived temperatures of over 46C, was also registered. 

As a result of higher temperatures, the number of heat-related deaths has risen by an average of 30 percent over the past 20 years.

According to the Robert Koch Institute, at least 3,100 deaths in Germany were linked to heat in the first nine months of 2023.

“In some cases, for example heat stroke, heat exposure leads directly to death, while in most cases it is the combination of heat exposure and pre-existing conditions that leads to death,” RKI explained in a statement, adding that women tend to be affected more than men due to higher proportion of women in older age groups.

In Germany temperatures above 30C are considered a heatwave. As weather patterns change due to human-caused climate change, heat waves have increased in number and length.

READ ALSO: How German cities are adapting to rising temperatures

Historically Germany hasn’t faced so many severe heatwaves each year, and central air conditioning is not commonly found in the country. In cities across the Bundesrepublik, heat plans are being drafted and refined to try and prepare for further extreme heat events in the near future.

Delivery van stuck in flood

A delivery van stranded in flood water during a storm surge near the fish market in Hamburg last winter. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Bodo Marks
 

Warming oceans and mountains and more rain

On average, the seas around Europe’s coasts were warmer than at any time since at least 1980. 

READ ALSO: Colder winters and refugees – How changing ocean currents could impact Germany

It was also much too warm on the glaciers in 2023. “After the record ice loss in 2022, it was another exceptional year of loss in the Alps,” Copernicus and WMO wrote. In these two years, the glaciers in the Alps lost around 10 percent of their volume.

Interestingly, the excess meltwater may be boosting hydroelectricity production in the short term. According to the report, conditions for the production of green electricity in 2023 were very favourable, with its share of the total electricity mix at 43 percent, the highest seen so far.

Overall, seven percent more rain fell last year than average. It was one of the wettest years on record, the report said. 

In one third of the river network in Europe, water volumes have been recorded that exceeded the flood threshold. There were severe floods in Italy and Greece, among other places, and parts of northern Germany were affected at the end of the year.

Hamburg and the northern state of Schleswig-Holstein were among regions hardest hit by floods in Germany last year. Northern sections of the Elbe river rose high enough to submerge Hamburg’s fish market several times among other places.

READ ALSO: Germany hit by floods as October heat turns into icy spell

2024 likely to continue breaking heat records

The recent report by Copernicus and the World Meteorological Organization is in agreement with a UN report published last month, which noted that last year came at the end of “the warmest 10-year period on record” according to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).

“There is a high probability that 2024 will again break the record of 2023”, WMO climate monitoring chief Omar Baddour said, according to Science Alert.

Another year of record breaking high temperatures means Germany can likely expect more and longer heatwaves in the late spring, summer and early autumn seasons. Higher average temperatures are also correlated with an increase in extreme weather events like extreme storms and floods in parts of the country.

In drier parts of Europe it means an increase in droughts and wildfires.

With reporting by DPA.

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