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CRIME

Most Swedes hit by internet crime: survey

More than half of all Swedes have been exposed to crime on the internet, a new survey published on Wednesday indicates.

Most Swedes hit by internet crime: survey

Of those surveyed, 95 percent replied that they believe internet criminals never get caught, but experts advised that the more serious offences should always be reported to the police.

The spread of viruses is the most common crime, the survey by data security firm Symantec showed.

Many people reported having had their profiles on social network sites hacked or subjected to internet fraud, while five percent had been the victim of sex offences.

Symantec surveyed over 7,000 people in 14 countries in the survey. Despite the apparently high incidence of internet crime, Swedes escape relatively well, with only Japan reported to be more secure. In China 83 percent of respondents claimed to have been the victim of some form of internet crime.

Swedes also distinguished themselves in a number of other ways in the survey, with, for example, a greater proportion than average feeling very secure on the internet.

Furthermore Swedes are those with the lowest degree of faith in the ability of the police to solve internet crime, with 95 percent believing that criminals would never face justice.

Anders Anhlqvist at the Swedish National Police Board’s internet surveillance unit conceded that there is some basis for the public’s lack of faith in the police when it comes to internet crimes.

“Unfortunately it is the case that internet frauds are committed in long chains where every fraud is a relatively small crime and for us to utilize international legal assistance it has to concern a serious offence. That is why a large number of these cases are discontinued,” he said.

A major problem for the Swedish police is that there are 21 authorities with their own registers for reports which can not be cross-checked as stipulated by Sweden’s Data Inspection Board (Datainspektionen), Ahlqvist explained. This means that it can be difficult to link up the smaller incidents into a larger case.

“This is something which the criminals are also very aware of. They ensure that they spread the risks and that reports come in from various locations around the country,” said Ahlqvist.

A further problem for the police is that banks and credit card companies compensate their customers for any damage and so crimes are often not reported.

The survey also shows how victims react to the crimes. Angry, upset and offended are among the most common responses.

“I often lecture on these crimes and usually also say that I am tired that Swedes seem so blasé. One loses a couple of thousand from their account, ring the bank, get the money back and a new plastic card and are happy with that,” said Per Hellqvist at Symantec.

“But this survey shows that we are affected by internet crimes. We become both angry and frustrated.”

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CRIME

How the fine you get in Sweden might be based on your income

There are two main types of fines that you could be given in Sweden: fixed fines which have a set value and fines which vary in value depending on your income. Here’s how they work.

How the fine you get in Sweden might be based on your income

How do fines work in Sweden?

The two most common types of fine are penningböter (a fixed amount of money) and dagsböter (which vary depending on your income and the severity of the crime committed).

There is a third type of fine, normerade böter, which are rare. These are usually calculated based on some aspect of the crime committed – like the value of an item stolen or damaged, or the horsepower of a motor involved in the crime, for example.

Who can issue these fines?

Fines in Sweden can be issued by four different authorities: the courts, the police, customs and the coast guard. 

Things like parking fines, fines for using public transport and library fines do also exist, but, legally speaking, they’re technically fees – kontrollavgifter or straffavgifter, rather than fines – böter. This is important, as true fines will leave you with a mark on your criminal record, while fees do not (although if you don’t pay them you may be issued with a black mark on your credit record).

Police and customs issue a type of penningböter (fixed fines) which are known as ordningsböter. If you’re given one of these fines and you admit to the crime straight away, then you essentially skip going through the courts and your fine is issued directly by the police instead of being issued by a judge in court. 

Ordningsböter can be issued for things like not being able to present your drivers licence or other ID when you’re driving a car (500 kronor), not having insurance on your moped (500 kronor), or antisocial behaviour in public spaces through, for example, urinating (800 kronor) or playing loud music (1,000 kronor).

As a general rule, fixed fines are issued for less serious crimes. They can vary in size from a minimum of 200 kronor to a maximum of 4,000 kronor per crime, while the maximum amount which can be issued at one time for multiple crimes is 10,000 kronor. These fines vary in size depending on the severity of the crime rather than the income of the person who has committed it.

Income-based fines or dagsböter (literally: “daily fines”) are issued for more serious crimes, like grievous bodily harm, theft, animal abuse, damage to property or taking pictures of classified buildings, so you’re not going to be issued one just for driving slightly over the speed limit.

How are dagsböter calculated?

They’re made up of two numbers. The first is the amount of fines issued, which varies depending on the severity of the crime (between 30 and 150, or 200 if they are being sentenced to fines for multiple crimes at once), and the second is the value of each fine, which depends on the income of the person charged, but must be between 50 and 1,000 kronor.

This means that the lowest possible daily fine is 30 fines of 50 kronor each, or 1,500 kronor, while the highest is 200 fines of 1,000 kronor each, or 200,000 kronor.

As a general rule, one daily fine is meant to be equivalent to one thousandth of the yearly income of the person charged, taking into account other aspects of their personal finances like debts, savings and anyone else they have to support financially. This means that two people committing the same crime can be sentenced to different fines.

Let’s say two people get in a fight and are sentenced to 80 daily fines each. The first one has no income, so their fine value is set at the minimum (50 kronor per daily fine) meaning they pay a total of 4,000 kronor. The other has a high yearly income, so their daily fine is set to 500 kronor, putting their total fine at 40,000 kronor, despite being sentenced for exactly the same crime.

Despite the name, daily fines are not paid by day, but they’re paid as a lump sum within 30 days from the date at which the sentence becomes legally binding. If the perpetrator of a fine refuses to pay, their fine will be passed on to the Enforcement Agency (Kronofogden), who have the power to seize and sell their assets to cover it.

If they refuse to pay the fine despite being financially able to, they can be sentenced to prison for anywhere between two weeks to three months.

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