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ECONOMY

Bundesbank sees economy rebounding in 2010

The German central bank said on Friday that Europe's biggest economy will rebound next year after the country's worst slump since World War II.

Bundesbank sees economy rebounding in 2010
Photo: DPA

The Bundesbank released its latest forecast for 1.6-percent growth in gross domestic product (GDP) next year and 1.2 percent in 2011.

“The outlook for the German economy has gotten noticeably brighter in recent months,” the bank said, though it still expects a record post-war contraction of 4.9 percent this year.

After slumping sharply in the first three months of 2009, the economy pulled out of recession in the second quarter, thanks in large part to government stimulus measures.

The rebound will “continue in the next two years, though at a moderate pace,” the central bank said.

Analysts at Germany’s biggest private, Deutsche Bank, also forecast a contraction of 4.9 percent this year, but stronger growth of 2.1 percent and 1.4 percent respectively in 2010 and 2011.

A forecast of private-sector economists compiled by Dow Jones Newswires saw German growth of up to 2.0 percent in 2011, meanwhile.

The country’s export-orientated economy took a hit from the global economic slowdown but is now set to benefit from renewed demand for capital goods such

as machine tools and chemicals used to produce finished products.

The German government has also approved a fiscal stimulus package worth up to €21 billion in 2010, including €18 billion in tax relief for private households that should underpin consumer spending.

Unemployment in Germany has been limited meanwhile by the country’s short-time work scheme under which the state subsidises shorter hours for workers to avoid widespread lay-offs. Various measures contained in the plan are due to run until mid 2012 at the latest.

The number of jobless is nonetheless expected to reach more than 3.8 million people next year, and 4.2 million in 2011. In November, it stood at 3.2 million, or 7.6 percent of the workforce.

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ECONOMY

How is Denmark’s economy handling inflation and rate rises?

Denmark's economy is now expected to avoid a recession in the coming years, with fewer people losing their jobs than expected, despite high levels of inflation and rising interest rates, The Danish Economic Council has said in a new report.

How is Denmark's economy handling inflation and rate rises?

The council, led by four university economics professors commonly referred to as “the wise men” or vismænd in Denmark, gave a much rosier picture of Denmark’s economy in its spring report, published on Tuesday, than it did in its autumn report last year. 

“We, like many others, are surprised by how employment continues to rise despite inflation and higher interest rates,” the chair or ‘chief wise man’,  Carl-Johan Dalgaard, said in a press release.

“A significant drop in energy prices and a very positive development in exports mean that things have gone better than feared, and as it looks now, the slowdown will therefore be more subdued than we estimated in the autumn.”

In the English summary of its report, the council noted that in the autumn, market expectations were that energy prices would remain at a high level, with “a real concern for energy supply shortages in the winter of 2022/23”.

That the slowdown has been more subdued, it continued was largely due to a significant drop in energy prices compared to the levels seen in late summer 2022, and compared to the market expectations for 2023.  

The council now expects Denmark’s GDP growth to slow to 1 percent in 2023 rather than for the economy to shrink by 0.2 percent, as it predicted in the autumn. 

In 2024, it expects the growth rate to remain the same as in 2003, with another year of 1 percent GDP growth. In its autumn report it expected weaker growth of 0.6 percent in 2024.

What is the outlook for employment? 

In the autumn, the expert group estimated that employment in Denmark would decrease by 100,000 people towards the end of the 2023, with employment in 2024  about 1 percent below the estimated structural level. 

Now, instead, it expects employment will fall by just 50,000 people by 2025.

What does the expert group’s outlook mean for interest rates and government spending? 

Denmark’s finance minister Nikolai Wammen came in for some gentle criticism, with the experts judging that “the 2023 Finance Act, which was adopted in May, should have been tighter”.  The current government’s fiscal policy, it concludes “has not contributed to countering domestic inflationary pressures”. 

The experts expect inflation to stay above 2 percent in 2023 and 2024 and not to fall below 2 percent until 2025. 

If the government decides to follow the council’s advice, the budget in 2024 will have to be at least as tight, if not tighter than that of 2023. 

“Fiscal policy in 2024 should not contribute to increasing demand pressure, rather the opposite,” they write. 

The council also questioned the evidence justifying abolishing the Great Prayer Day holiday, which Denmark’s government has claimed will permanently increase the labour supply by 8,500 full time workers. 

“The council assumes that the abolition of Great Prayer Day will have a short-term positive effect on the labour supply, while there is no evidence of a long-term effect.” 

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