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ECONOMY

German economy seen rebounding next year

Germany is poised to bounce back to positive growth next year, the country's main economic institutes said Thursday, a major turnaround for Europe's top economy after its worst recession in 60 years.

German economy seen rebounding next year
Photo: DPA

Output in 2010 should reach 1.2 percent, the group of institutes said in a closely-watched joint report, strongly revising up a previous projection of minus 0.5 percent made in April.

“In the autumn of 2009, the lowest point of the worst global recession since World War II appears to be behind us. Much points to an economic recovery,” the institutes said in a joint statement.

Greater stability on global financial markets, a brighter outlook for world trade and a rebound in Asia will likely help Germany, one of the world’s leading exporters, recover relatively quickly from its slump, the report said.

The report came the day before the government is due to present its own economic forecasts, in which it too is expected to revise up its view following a strong bounce in Germany’s economic fortunes.

Nevertheless, this year is still set to be the worst in Germany’s post-war economic history, with a contraction in output of 5.0 percent, the institutes said.

Unemployment this year will reach 8.0 percent, rising to 9.4 percent next year, they added, with just over four million Germans unemployed on average in 2010. However, the jobless lines are considerably shorter than economists had feared in the midst of the slump in output. In April, the institutes predicted just under five million unemployed in 2010.

Chancellor Angela Merkel, who hopes to form a government with her new pro-business coalition partners by October 23, said Wednesday the road ahead will be bumpy for Germany’s economy but a recovery is on track.

The new coalition is currently squabbling over tax cuts and changes to the tax system, as well as over health care reform. So far, only a deal on measures to help the long-term unemployed has emerged from lengthy negotiations. With the public coffers empty in the wake of the financial crisis, Merkel is wary of sweeping tax cuts.

The institutes’ report predicted a budget deficit of 3.2 percent of output in 2009 and 5.2 percent in 2010. The maximum permitted under European Union rules is three percent.

The economists also injected a note of caution into their broadly optimistic analysis, saying that although the economy would grow strongly in the third quarter of this year, there were plenty of obstacles facing Germany in the coming months.

“The present recovery will likely not be sustainable. There are many more significant headwinds standing in the way of a swift upturn,” the report said.

The institutes – Ifo in Munich, IfW in Kiel, RWI in Essen and IWH in Halle, together with the Austria think-tanks, WIFO and IHS and the Swiss KOF – publish their outlook twice a year.

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ECONOMY

How is Denmark’s economy handling inflation and rate rises?

Denmark's economy is now expected to avoid a recession in the coming years, with fewer people losing their jobs than expected, despite high levels of inflation and rising interest rates, The Danish Economic Council has said in a new report.

How is Denmark's economy handling inflation and rate rises?

The council, led by four university economics professors commonly referred to as “the wise men” or vismænd in Denmark, gave a much rosier picture of Denmark’s economy in its spring report, published on Tuesday, than it did in its autumn report last year. 

“We, like many others, are surprised by how employment continues to rise despite inflation and higher interest rates,” the chair or ‘chief wise man’,  Carl-Johan Dalgaard, said in a press release.

“A significant drop in energy prices and a very positive development in exports mean that things have gone better than feared, and as it looks now, the slowdown will therefore be more subdued than we estimated in the autumn.”

In the English summary of its report, the council noted that in the autumn, market expectations were that energy prices would remain at a high level, with “a real concern for energy supply shortages in the winter of 2022/23”.

That the slowdown has been more subdued, it continued was largely due to a significant drop in energy prices compared to the levels seen in late summer 2022, and compared to the market expectations for 2023.  

The council now expects Denmark’s GDP growth to slow to 1 percent in 2023 rather than for the economy to shrink by 0.2 percent, as it predicted in the autumn. 

In 2024, it expects the growth rate to remain the same as in 2003, with another year of 1 percent GDP growth. In its autumn report it expected weaker growth of 0.6 percent in 2024.

What is the outlook for employment? 

In the autumn, the expert group estimated that employment in Denmark would decrease by 100,000 people towards the end of the 2023, with employment in 2024  about 1 percent below the estimated structural level. 

Now, instead, it expects employment will fall by just 50,000 people by 2025.

What does the expert group’s outlook mean for interest rates and government spending? 

Denmark’s finance minister Nikolai Wammen came in for some gentle criticism, with the experts judging that “the 2023 Finance Act, which was adopted in May, should have been tighter”.  The current government’s fiscal policy, it concludes “has not contributed to countering domestic inflationary pressures”. 

The experts expect inflation to stay above 2 percent in 2023 and 2024 and not to fall below 2 percent until 2025. 

If the government decides to follow the council’s advice, the budget in 2024 will have to be at least as tight, if not tighter than that of 2023. 

“Fiscal policy in 2024 should not contribute to increasing demand pressure, rather the opposite,” they write. 

The council also questioned the evidence justifying abolishing the Great Prayer Day holiday, which Denmark’s government has claimed will permanently increase the labour supply by 8,500 full time workers. 

“The council assumes that the abolition of Great Prayer Day will have a short-term positive effect on the labour supply, while there is no evidence of a long-term effect.” 

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